Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that was initially developed by Bell Labs in the 1970s. Various similar operating systems that are POSIX compliant (ie compatible with Unix) have since been developed (POSIX is an abbreviation for Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX). These include the following: the BSD family (OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Mac OS/X), Solaris, IRIX, AIX, SunOS, UnixWare, OpenServer and Linux.
Software written for POSIX compliant operating systems is generally able to be compiled for all POSIX platforms with little or no platform-specific changes. This makes the commands and utilities available for this extended family of operating systems very similar, and there are few differences between administering them.
The articles in this section are about useful command line utilities and commonly used application software on POSIX compliant operating systems. For Mac OSX specific articles see my OSX section.
openSUSE has an excellent system management tool called Yast, but the software package management tool in Yast is really slow to run. It is possible to install and use Yum instead on openSUSE and all of a sudden the slowness of running Yast’s package management goes away. I have a pretty fast machine with a lot of memory, but it can take 5 to 10 minutes to open up the Yast software management application.
When trying to install something on a CentOS 5 machine using Yum today, I got the error message "Metadata file does not match checksum" when Yum was trying to update the repository metadata. My first instinct was to run the error message through Google but the first couple of answers looked a little complex. I then remembered I’d had issues with Yum in an earlier post when I got the database disk image is malformed error message, so decided to try out the same solution before following the advice from the other sites.
A useful command line tool is date, which is typically used for displaying the current system date, or setting it. The default format of the date and time displayed will be the system default, eg "Fri Dec 7 16:41:08 NZDT 2007", but it is possible to apply your own formatting, and also to specify a different date to use, without adjusting the system clock.
The Unix/Linux shell command "find" is really useful for finding files on your computer. There are also graphical utilities for finding files, but sometimes it is easier to use the command line, or it’s simply not possible, eg if logged in to a remote server using SSH. This post looks at how to use the find utility to locate files based on the modification time eg looking for files that have been modified in the last 24 hours.
An ISO image or .iso file contains the disk image of an ISO 9660 file system, which is used for storing data on CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs. It is possible to take an ISO image and record it onto a CD or DVD using various applications for doing so, and it is also possible to mount the ISO image using Linux, so that you can access the files without having to actually burn it to disk first.
I needed to install the MSSQL libraries for PHP on a CentOS 5 server and ran into a few issues when installing some of the required dependencies, getting "Transaction Check Error" error messages which indicated conflicts between files in packages.
